Islamic architecture themes

Charles Clifford, The Court of the Lions

Charles Clifford
The Court of the Lions, Alhambra
Albumen print photograph
About 1855
Museum no. 47:790

Charles Clifford was one of the finest photographers of 19th century Spain, and he spent most of his career there. Having settled in Madrid in the 1850s, he became court photographer for Queen Isabella II, and accompanied her on a number of royal tours within Spain. Clifford was very effective at capturing architectural subjects through his technical mastery of the large-format camera.

Owen Jones and Jules Goury, Plans

Owen Jones and Jules Goury
Plans, Elevations, Sections and Details from the Alhambra
Volume, 1845
Museum number: NAL; 110.P.36

This volume was part one in a series of two, and constituted the main output of Jones and Goury's observational work in Andalucia. The studies contained within this volume include detailed drawings of ornament, translations of all Arabic inscriptions and an in-depth historical account of the Moorish kings of Granada.

To ensure perfect accuracy in the ornament details, plaster impressions were taken of every element of ornament of the Alhambra. Some of these casts were bought by the South Kensington Museum (precursor to the V&A) for students of Oriental art.

Jones worked hard to establish a good standard of chromolithographic printing to do justice to the striking Islamic decorative schemes, and in fact as a result was a major force in pushing forward colour printing in England at the time.

Owen Jones, Designs for tiles

Owen Jones
Designs for tiles
Watercolour
1849
Museum no. 8115:5

One of the key outcomes of Jones’s and Goury’s work at the Alhambra was their sustained research into Islamic tile design. Jones soon realised the debt that Islamic design had to geometry, mathematics and astronomy. He was a strong influence in the contemporary development of tile designs, seeing the patterns of tessellation as a key to rationalising the beauty of Islamic ornament.

Philip Henry Delamotte, The Alhambra Court at the Crystal Palace at Sydenham

Philip Henry Delamotte
The Alhambra Court at the Crystal Palace at Sydenham
Photograph
1854
Museum no. 39.315

After the Great Exhibition of 1851, the Crystal Palace was dismantled and re-erected in Sydenham. A fire in 1936 destroyed most of the building, but some of the remains can still be seen today, and are Grade II-listed. The photographer Philip Henry Delamotte was commissioned to document the preparation and opening of the 'new' Crystal Palace when it was moved to Sydenham.  Owen Jones was responsible for many of the design courts, in particular the Court of the Alhambra. This photograph shows tile detailing which follows many of the same patterns shown in the design of object 8115:5.

Enrique Linares, Model of the interior of the Alhambra

Enrique Linares
Model of the interior of the Alhambra
19th century
Museum no. A.26-1936

This model shows the lobed ‘horseshoe’ arch which was a common motif in Umayyad Islamic architecture within Spain. The Umayyads had ruled the Islamic empire from Damascus but were then usurped by the Abbasids from Baghdad. The forced exile of the Umayyads brought them to Spain where they began a parallel Islamic kingdom within the Iberian peninsula.

William Harvey, Drawing of the ‘Tower of the Captive’

William Harvey
Drawing of the ‘Tower of the Captive’, The Alhambra
Pen & ink, indian ink, watercolour and pencil
Museum no. E.1274-1963

This large drawing by William Harvey represents well the intense and bold polychromy of architectural ornament within Islamic Spain. The museum holds a number of these measured drawings by Harvey which all utilise a striking black background, which allows the intricacies of the ornamental design to come into sharp relief.

John Dobbin, Lions in the Alhambra

John Dobbin
Lions in the Alhambra
Watercolour
From a sketch made in 1859
Museum no. 1674-1871

This painting by John Dobbin presents a very different view of the Alhambra compared with previous objects in this talk. By utilising a topographical approach, showing men lounging in the shadows of the Court of Lions arches, Dobbin exerts a more romantic patina over the image – creating a more subjective and atmospheric impression of what life was like living and conversing in the courtyards and gardens of the Alhambra.

The Fort, Palace of Akbar

Samuel Bourne, The Fort, Palace of Akbar, Taj Mahal in the distance, 19th century. Museum no. 53:243

Measured drawing of the Dome of the Rock

William Harvey, Measured drawing of the Dome of the Rock, pen, ink and colour, 1909. Museum no. E.1267-1963

Interior of the Umayyad Mosque

R. P. Spiers, Interior of the Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, watercolour, 19th century. Museum no. E.5-1917

Egypt and Nubia

David Roberts, Egypt and Nubia, volume III, volume of lithographs, about 1850. Museum no. 95.H.44

Interior of a room, Cairo

Frank Dillon, Interior of a room, Cairo, gouache, about 1875. Museum no. SD.332

After the Indian Mutiny

Felice Beato, After the Indian Mutiny, volume of photographs, about 1858. Museum no. X 131

Details from the Alhambra

Details from the Alhambra, Owen Jones and Jules Goury, volume, 1845. Museum no. NAL; 110.P.36

Decoration of the Great Exhibition building

Owen Jones' scheme for the decoration of the Great Exhibition building, pen, ink and watercolour, William Simpson, 1850. Museum no. 546-1897

'Persian' design

'Persian', Design, Owen Jones, 1856. Museum no. 1619

Original Drawing for Grammar of Ornament

Original Drawing for Owen Jones' Grammar of Ornament, Christopher Dresser and anon, watercolour, pencil, pen, 1856. Museum no. 1671

Diagram to illustrate botanical design lectures

Diagram to illustrate botanical design lectures at the School of Design, pen, ink and watercolour, Christopher Dresser, 1855. Museum no. 3969

Designs for tiles

Designs for tiles, watercolour, Owen Jones, about 1849. Museum number: 8115:5

The Alhambra Court in the Crystal Palace

The Alhambra Court in the Crystal Palace at Sydenham, photograph, Philip Henry Delamotte, 1854. Museum number: 39.315

Design for Christ Church, Streatham

Design for Christ Church, Streatham, watercolour, James Wild, 1841. Museum no. E.3648-1938

Design for the Arab Hall

Design for the Arab Hall, Leighton House, Kensington, watercolour and gold paint, George Aitchison, 1878. RIBA; SC124/4(5)