Binder, Gum Arabic

Binder, Gum Arabic, showing A) the raw material, B) ground to a fine powder

Binder, Gum Arabic, showing  A) the raw material, B) ground to a fine powder.

Azurite, showing A) the raw material

Azurite, showing A) the raw material, B) ground to a fine powder, C) mixed in a mussel shell ready for application

Azurite, showing  A) the raw material, B) ground to a fine powder, C) mixed in a mussel shell ready for application.

Indian Lake, showing A) the raw material

Indian Lake, showing A) the raw material, B) prepared, C) mixed in a mussel shell ready for application

Indian Lake, showing  A) the raw material, B) prepared, C) mixed in a mussel shell ready for application.

Shell gold: gold leaf that has been reduced to powder form by grinding it with honey

Shell gold: gold leaf that has been reduced to powder form by grinding it with honey

Shell gold
Gold leaf that has been reduced to powder form by grinding it with honey, which is then washed away.  The name derives from the mussel shells it was once stored in.

Minium: red lead oxide

Minium: red lead oxide

Minium
Red lead oxide, named for the Minius River in Northwest Spain.

Brushes

Burnisher, made from a stoat’s tooth