Buddhist Pilgrimage Sites: Korea
Haeinsa, Korea. Photograph by Jane E Keeler, 2006. One of the three principal Buddhist temples in Korea, known as the 'Three Jewel Temples', Haeinsa (Temple of Reflection on a Smooth Sea) in South Gyeongsang Province represents the Buddhist teachings (dharma).
Buddhism was introduced to Korea from China in 372 AD and was accepted in each of the three kingdoms of the Korean peninsula. In 372 the Chinese Qin ruler, Fujian, sent the monk Sundo to the royal court of Goguryeo (northern province) with gifts of Chinese texts and statues. A similar mission was undertaken in 384 AD by the monk, Marananta, who travelled from Serindia to the royal court of Baekje (south-western province). Last to receive Buddhism was the kingdom of Silla (south-eastern province) in the 5th century, where the ruler, King Chinhung, converted and became a monk himself.
During the 6th century many Korean monks travelled to China and India in order to study Buddhism, returning with scriptures and engaging in missionary activities throughout Korea and Japan. At the invitation of Japanese rulers, Korean monks had a strong influence on the development of Buddhism in Japan.
Considered to be one of Korea's most important Buddhist sites, the circular cave shrine with a domed ceiling known as Sokkuram is found on top of Mount T'ohm in Kyongju. Constructed during the Unified Silla period (first half of the 8th century AD), the main chamber faces east to catch the early morning sun and contains a 3 metre-high seated Buddha made from granite. On the surrounding walls are fine, high-relief carvings of bodhisattvas, deities, guardians and monks.
Construction of the nearby temple complex of Pulguksa ('Temple of the Buddha Land') was completed in 774 by the Silla royal court. However, it was abandoned during the Choson period (1392-1910) and it wasn't until the 20th century that it was re-discovered and renovated. It now housesseven national treasures of South Korea, including the Dabotap and Seokgatap stone padogas, Cheongun-gyo (Blue Cloud Bridge) and two gilt-bronze statues of Buddha.
The three principal Buddhist temples in Korea, known as the 'Three Jewel Temples' are Tongdosa (South Gyeongsang Province), representing the Buddha; Haeinsa (South Gyeongsang Province), representing Buddhist teachings (dharma); and Songgwang-sa (South Jeolla Province), representing the Buddhist community (sangha).
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